Ranunculaceae
People's names - Adonis, zheltotsvet, pines, Starodub, Jun nohorka; poppy cleft, pozharna flower, fire flower, terlych.
Morphology. A perennial herb. The rhizome is shortened, coarse, black and brown. Stalks 10 - 40 cm, simple, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Basal and lower stem leaves in the form of brown, all other leaves are sessile, thrice pinnate, with narrowly linear, sometimes setaceous segments. Flowers large, solitary, located on the tops of stems and branches, sepals broadly ovate, greenish, sometimes bluish outside, corolla golden-yellow, shiny. The fruits - achenes, with hook-curved beak at the apex. It flowers in April - May. The fruits ripen in July.
Ecology. Grows at the edges of oak forests and steppe slopes. Dissemination. Found in the forest-steppe and steppe regions of Ukraine, very rarely on steppe slopes of Polesie. Euro-Siberian steppe and steppe species.
Inventories. Collection of Adonis spring does not provide the pharmaceutical needs. Natural resources it declined sharply due to the massive harvesting and plowing of virgin steppe. Introduced into the culture. However, when sown, "has a low germination rate is very slow growing, blooming only the third or fourth year, the crop yields are usually on the fifth or sixth year. So far there is no industrial plantations. In order to maintain populations of the species in the Ukraine to organize the reserves, to develop a system logging and to ban them in places where Adonis spring is under threat of extinction. The plant is in need of special protection.
The chemical composition. All parts of the plant contain cardiac glycosides (most important of them tsimarin, adonitoksin), saponins, phytosterol, flavonoid glycoside adonivernit, organic acids, polyphenols, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese and magnesium. The seeds - about 20% fatty oil found in the rhizomes aromatic coumarin derivative vernadin. The plant is poisonous.
Using. With the drug to the entire aerial part is used in the flowering period. Insist it has a sedative effect, stimulates the activity of the heart, raises blood pressure and increases urination. Preparations containing spring adonis ("Medicine spondylitis", "Kardiovalen", etc.) used for the treatment of chronic heart failure with symptoms of tachycardia, cardiosclerosis, obesity heart, rheumatic and neuroses of the heart, edema of cardiac and renal nature, Graves' disease excitation of the central nervous system, alcoholic psychosis, neurasthenia, insomnia, epilepsy. The aerial is integrated into the protivoastmeticheskoy medicine. The nature of drugs like Adonis vernal drug digitalis, but they are less stable and long-term treatment did not exhibit cumulative properties. In medicine, spring Adonis was first introduced at the end of the last century physician N. Bubnov clinic Botkin. As an important means of cardiac medicine is also used in many countries (Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Australia, USA, etc.).
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